Rosacea

Rosacea is a common skin condition affecting millions of people worldwide. It is estimated that over 3 million Canadians are affected by the chronic skin disorder rosacea.

The first symptoms of rosacea often appear in the form of redness, bumps, skin lesions, foreign body sensation, red lines and red pimples on the face. It can also cause a burning or stinging sensation, as well as visible blood vessels and rough-looking skin. Rosacea can affect anyone: fair-skinned, dark-skinned or those with classic acne.

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What is rosacea (Definition and explanations)

Rosacea is a chronic condition that can cause redness, bumps and acne-like pimples to appear on the face. It can also cause burning or stinging sensations and visible blood vessels. Rosacea is most common in fair-skinned women aged between 30 and 50.

What causes facial rosacea?

The exact cause of rosacea is unknown, but it is thought to be related to a combination of genetic and environmental factors such as:

Exposure to extreme temperatures;
Family history;
Intense physical effort can be a trigger for rosacea;

In addition, continuous application of a cortisone-based cream to the face can cause skin lesions very similar to those of rosacea.

What are the symptoms of rosacea?

The visible symptoms of rosacea can vary from person to person, but the most common are redness, bumps and pimples on the face. Other symptoms may include burning or stinging sensations, visible blood vessels, dryness and irritation of the skin, and thickening of the skin. In some cases, ocular rosacea can cause eye irritations such as redness, itching and a lumpy sensation.

Is there a treatment for rosacea?

Treatment for rosacea depends on the type of skin and the severity of the condition. Treatment options may include topical creams or gels, oral antibiotics, laser therapy or a combination of these treatments.

It may be appropriate to consult a professional such as a dermatologist to analyze your skin condition and diagnose rosacea.

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The 4 forms of rosacea

There are four types of rosacea, each with its own symptoms.

Rosacea erythematotelangiectasia, causing flushing and redness

Hot flashes and redness are common symptoms of rosacea. Hot flushes can cause a sudden sensation of heat in the face, neck and chest. They are often accompanied by redness, which can range from mild to severe. The appearance of redness may be accompanied by bumps or pimples (papules) on the skin, giving it a rough appearance. In some cases, persistent excess redness can be so intense that it resembles sunburn.

Papulopustular rosacea, causing pimples on the face

Papulopustular rosacea, which causes pimples on the face, is the most common type of rosacea. It is characterized by redness, bumps and pimples on the face. These pimples may be small or large, and may contain pus. They can appear on the cheeks, nose, chin and forehead. The skin may also be warm to the touch and sensitive to sunlight.

Rosacea rhinophyma causing thickened skin

Rosacea rhinophyma can also cause thickening of the skin, known as rhinophyma. This phenomenon is more common in men than in women, and generally affects the nose. This advanced form of rosacea is caused by an overgrowth of the sebaceous glands, leading to inflammation of the nasal skin tissue. The skin may become bumpy and red, and may also be painful or sensitive to the touch.

Phymatous rosacea

Phymatous rosacea is a type of rosacea that causes thickening and hypertrophy of the skin. It is characterized by a proliferation of sebaceous glands, leading to inflammation and thickening of the skin tissue. This type of rosacea generally affects the nose, but can also affect other areas such as the chin, forehead or ears.

Ocular rosacea causes eye irritation.

Ocular rosacea is a form of rosacea that affects the eyes. Ocular and ophthalmological symptoms may include a burning sensation in the eyes, inflammation of the eyelids (swollen eyelids), itching, stinging, dryness of the eyes or conjunctival redness. In some cases, it can also lead to blurred vision or sensitivity to light.

Risk factors for rosacea

There are several risk factors associated with the onset of rosacea, including mediating factors, external factors and environmental factors. Alcohol consumption is a well-known risk factor. Consumption of spicy foods and dishes, hot baths, lifestyle changes, heat, strong emotions, excessive lacrimation, caffeine, sun exposure and alcohol-based perfumed cosmetics are also potential factors and factors likely to cause rosacea.

What is the best treatment for inflammatory lesions in rosacea?

The best treatment for rosacea depends on the type of skin and the severity of the inflammatory condition. Mild cases can be treated with creams, topical gel lotions containing ingredients such as metronidazole, azelaic acid or sodium sulfacetamide.

Other categories of treatment for inflammatory lesions in rosacea may be offered: for example, in more severe cases, rosacea may require oral antibiotics or laser treatment. In some cases, lifestyle modifications such as avoiding triggers and protecting the skin from external aggressors are necessary.

How is rosacea diagnosed

Rosacea is usually diagnosed by a dermatologist through a physical examination of the skin. The doctor may also ask questions about the patient's medical history and lifestyle to determine whether inflammatory rosacea is present.

In some cases, the doctor may use a special light to examine the skin for signs of rosacea or inflammatory skin disease. If necessary, the doctor may take a skin or tissue sample.

Rosacea

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Rosacea